Docker 镜像及容器命令

Docker 镜像及容器命令

十年河东，十年河西，莫欺少年穷

学无止境，精益求精

授人以鱼不如授人以渔，先列出官方命令文档

docker命令文档地址：​​镜像基本命令大致分为，查看镜像，搜索镜像，下载镜像、删除镜像

1、查看镜像

查看镜像命令/

docker images

查看镜像帮助命令

docker images --help

列出所有镜像

docker images -a

列出镜像ID

docker images -q

列出所有镜像ID

docker images -aq

2、搜索镜像

docker search mysql

搜索镜像后，会根据搜索到的镜像名称，描述，星数量等信息展示

docker search --help --查看帮助

根据条件搜索镜像【搜索星星在3000颗以上的MqSQL】

docker search mysql --filter=stars=3000

3、下载镜像 docker pull

下载MySQL镜像，没有指定版本号的情况下，会下载最新的MqSQL版本

docker pull mysql

下载指定版本的Mysql镜像

docker pull mysql:5.7

4、删除镜像 docker rmi -f

删除指定ID的镜像

docker rmi -f c20987f18b13

删除指定查询范围的镜像

docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

上述指令会删除所有镜像，他的条件是  docker images -aq

我的练习指令如下：

[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 6 months ago 13.3kB[root@localhost ~]# docker images --helpUsage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]List imagesOptions: -a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) --digests Show digests -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print images using a Go template --no-trunc Don't truncate output -q, --quiet Only show image IDs[root@localhost ~]# docker images -aREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEhello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 6 months ago 13.3kB[root@localhost ~]# docker images -qfeb5d9fea6a5[root@localhost ~]# docker images -aqfeb5d9fea6a5[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysqlNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDmysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12325 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4739 [OK] mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 915 [OK]percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati… 572 [OK] phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M… 487 [OK] mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. Cr… 93 centos/mysql-57-centos7 MySQL 5.7 SQL database server 92 bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 67 [OK]databack/mysql-backup Back up mysql databases to... anywhere! 58 ubuntu/mysql MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread… 28 circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 25 mysql/mysql-router MySQL Router provides transparent routing be… 23 centos/mysql-56-centos7 MySQL 5.6 SQL database server 22 google/mysql MySQL server for Google Compute Engine 21 [OK]vmware/harbor-db Mysql container for Harbor 10 mysqlboy/docker-mydumper docker-mydumper containerizes MySQL logical … 3 mysqlboy/mydumper mydumper for mysql logcial backups 3 bitnami/mysqld-exporter 2 ibmcom/mysql-s390x Docker image for mysql-s390x 1 mysql/mysql-operator MySQL Operator for Kubernetes 0 mysqlboy/elasticsearch 0 mysqleatmydata/mysql-eatmydata 0 ibmcom/tidb-ppc64le TiDB is a distributed NewSQL database compat… 0 mirantis/mysql 0 cimg/mysql 0 [root@localhost ~]# docker search --helpUsage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERMSearch the Docker Hub for imagesOptions: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output[root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=3000 mysqlNAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDmysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12325 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4739 [OK] [root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=stars=3000 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDmysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12325 [OK] mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4739 [OK] [root@localhost ~]# docker pull --helpUsage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]Pull an image or a repository from a registryOptions: -a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository --disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true) --platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable -q, --quiet Suppress verbose output[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysqlUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/mysql72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 99da31dd6142: Pull complete 626033c43d70: Pull complete 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete ac563158d721: Pull complete d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 1c04857f594f: Pull complete 4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete e0431212d27d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latestdocker.io/library/mysql:latest[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.75.7: Pulling from library/mysql72a69066d2fe: Already exists 93619dbc5b36: Already exists 99da31dd6142: Already exists 626033c43d70: Already exists 37d5d7efb64e: Already exists ac563158d721: Already exists d2ba16033dad: Already exists 0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 37f2405cae96: Pull complete e2482e017e53: Pull complete 70deed891d42: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7docker.io/library/mysql:5.7[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEmysql 5.7 c20987f18b13 3 months ago 448MBmysql latest 3218b38490ce 3 months ago 516MBhello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 6 months ago 13.3kB[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi --helpUsage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]Remove one or more imagesOptions: -f, --force Force removal of the image --no-prune Do not delete untagged parents[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f c20987f18b13Untagged: mysql:5.7Untagged: mysql@sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94Deleted: sha256:c20987f18b130f9d144c9828df630417e2a9523148930dc3963e9d0dab302a76Deleted: sha256:6567396b065ee734fb2dbb80c8923324a778426dfd01969f091f1ab2d52c7989Deleted: sha256:0910f12649d514b471f1583a16f672ab67e3d29d9833a15dc2df50dd5536e40fDeleted: sha256:6682af2fb40555c448b84711c7302d0f86fc716bbe9c7dc7dbd739ef9d757150Deleted: sha256:5c062c3ac20f576d24454e74781511a5f96739f289edaadf2de934d06e910b92[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEmysql latest 3218b38490ce 3 months ago 516MBhello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 6 months ago 13.3kB[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)Untagged: mysql:latestUntagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3bDeleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224dDeleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ffDeleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287baDeleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3daDeleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aaDeleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2Untagged: hello-world:latestUntagged: hello-world@sha256:bfea6278a0a267fad2634554f4f0c6f31981eea41c553fdf5a83e95a41d40c38Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412[root@localhost ~]#

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容器命令

在容器命令之前，先说个考点，有了镜像，我们就可以创建容器了

首先我们先下载个centos 镜像

docker pull centos

1、新建一个名字为：mycentos 的容器并运行它

docker run -it --name=mycentos centos:latest /bin/bash-i 运行容器-t 容器启动后进入该容器执行命令，加入这两个参数，容器创建就能登录进去-name 为创建的容器命名

-v 表示目录的映射关系 本地目录和docker容器目录映射起来 前面宿主机目录，后者是容器的目录，可以使用多个-v 注意：最好做目录映射，在宿主机上面修改文件，然后共享到容器中

-d 在run后面加上-d参数，则会创建一个守护进程在后台运行（这样创建后不会自动登录容器，如果只加-it聚会在创建容器后进入容器）

-p 标识端口映射，前者宿主机端口，后者是容器的映射端口，可以使用多个-p做多个端口映射

-P 随机分配端口

–dns 8.8.8.8 指定容器使用的DNS，默认和宿主机一样

–dns-search example.com 指定容器的DNS搜索的域名，默认和宿主机一致

-h “host——001” 指定容器的hostname

-e username=‘cat’ 设置环境变量

–env-file=[] 从指定文件读入环境变量

–cpuset=“0-2” or --cpuset=“0,1,2” 绑定容器到指定CPU运行

-m 设置容器使用内存大小

–net=“bridge” 指定容器的网络连接类型，支持：bridge/host/none/container四种类型

–link=[] 添加连接到另一个容器

2、退出容器且容器停止运行

exit

如果要退出容器但不想让容器停止运行，可以使用快捷键，ctrl+p+q

使用快捷键后，我们可以看到我们的容器还是在运行的，如下,docker ps

3、查看当前运行的容器

docker ps

4、查看容器

docker ps -l --查看最近一次运行的容器docker ps -a --查看全部容器

5、查看已经关闭的容器

docker ps -f status=exited

6、停止运行的容器

docker stop 容器ID 平滑关闭docker kill 容器ID 强制关闭

7、重启容器

docker restart 容器名称OR容器ID

8、查看容器内运行的进程

docker top 容器名 or 容器ID

9、查看容器日志

-t 显示时间-f 追加查看–tail 看最后几条 n是几条

docker logs -t -f 容器ID（or 容器名称）docker logs -f -t db950b0be73a

docker logs -t -f --tail n 容器ID（or 容器名称）n是显示几条

10、删除容器

docker rm 容器名称 OR 容器ID 容器必须要关闭docker rm -f 容器名称 OR 容器ID 强制删除容器（运行和未运行的）

11、删除全部正在运行的容器

docker rm -f $(docker ps -q) -q 是运行容器的容器ID

12、启动一个已存在的容器

启动一个已存在的容器

docker start 容器IDdocker restart 容器ID

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