[云原生专题-18]：容器 - docker自带的集群管理工具swarm - 手工搭建集群服务全过程详细解读

[云原生专题-18]：容器 - docker自带的集群管理工具swarm - 手工搭建集群服务全过程详细解读

作者主页(​​文火冰糖的硅基工坊​​​)：​​文火冰糖（王文兵）的博客_文火冰糖的硅基工坊​

​目录​

​​准备工作：集群规划​​

​​第一步：搭建云服务器​​

​​1.1 安装服务器​​

​​1.2 安装后检查​​

​​第二步：搭建docker环境（云平台手工操作）​​

​​第三步：搭建集群角色（swarm）​​

​​2.1 搭建leader manager 角色（swarm int）​​

​​2.2 搭建普通 manager 角色  （swarm join as mananger）​​

​​2.3 搭建worker 角色  （swarm join as worker）​​

​​2.4 查看集群的节点情况​​

​​第四步：搭建集群服务(docker service）--在管理节点上执行命令​​

​​4.1 docer service命令​​

​​4.2 新创建服务​​

​​4.3 查看服务​​

​​4.4 验证服务​​

​​4.5 服务实例的弹性增加​​

​​4.6 服务实例的弹性删除​​

​​4.7 在线滚动升级服务镜像的版本： service update​​

​​4.8 停止某个节点接受服务请求​​

准备工作：集群规划

​第一步：搭建云服务器​

​1.1 安装服务器​

​（1）服务器​

创建5台服务器, 即实例数=5，一次性创建5台服务器5台服务器在同一个默认网络中1核2G标准共享型操作系统选择CentOS

​(2）网络​

分配共有IP地址默认专有网络按流量使用，1M带宽

​（3）默认安全组​

设定公网远程服务服务器的用户名和密码添加80端口，用于后续nginx服务的测试。

1.2 安装后检查

​（1）通过公网IP登录到每台服务器​

​（2） 为服务器划分角色​

leader mananger：172.24.130.164

normal manager：172.24.130.165

worker1：172.24.130.166

worker2：172.24.130.167

worker3：172.24.130.168

​（3）安装ifconfig和ping工具​

$ yum install -y yum-utils$ yum install iputils$ yum install net-tools.x86_64

​（4）通过私网IP可以ping通​

​第二步：搭建docker环境（云平台手工操作）​

​​CentOS Docker 安装 | 菜鸟教程​​

​​How nodes work | Docker Documentation​​

​2.1  为每台虚拟服务器安装docker环境​

​（1）分别ssh到每台虚拟服务器中​

​（2）一键安装docker环境​

# 增加阿里云镜像repo$ yum-config-manager --add-repo curl -fsSL | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun

​2.2 为每台虚拟服务器启动docker环境​

$ systemctl start docker$ docker version$ docker ps$ docker images

[root@Test ~]# docker infoClient: Context: default Debug Mode: false Plugins: app: Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3) buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.7.1-docker) scan: Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.12.0)Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 20.10.12 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: xfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true userxattr: false Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Cgroup Version: 1 Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 io.containerd.runtime.v1.linux runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 7b11cfaabd73bb80907dd23182b9347b4245eb5d runc version: v1.0.2-0-g52b36a2 init version: de40ad0 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 4.18.0-348.2.1.el8_5.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 8 OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 759.7MiB Name: Test ID: QOVF:RC73:VI4W:TAUR:3NIE:GSAW:6HMY:L2SM:LRWF:DYIZ:5BJT:SQTB Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false

第三步：搭建集群角色（swarm）

2.1 搭建leader manager 角色（swarm int）

​（1）命令​

$ docker swarm init --advertise-addr 172.24.130.164 #这里的 IP 为创建机器时分配的私有ip。

​（2）输出​

[root@Test ~]# docker swarm init --advertise-addr 172.24.130.164

Swarm initialized: current node (tkox6q8o48l7b2aofzygzvjow) is now a manager.

​如何添加woker：​

To add a ​worker ​to this swarm, run the following command:

docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-23znzigz1ycuuy1hmp77a4nxp2w8ffvri3zwelc8fx4aeo2xr6-bpda5otyc47k1iz064353adwj 172.24.130.164:2377

​如何添加manager：​

To add a ​manager ​to this swarm, run 'docker swarm join-token manager' and follow the instructions.

以上输出，证明已经初始化成功。需要把以下这行复制出来，在增加工作节点时会用到。

在集群中，

--token为集群的标识，其组成为token-id + leader mananger ip地址 + leader mananger的端口号。

​（3） docker swarm用法​

[root@Test ~]# docker swarm

Usage:  docker swarm COMMAND

Manage Swarm

Commands:

ca          Display and rotate the root CA

init        Initialize a swarm

join        Join a swarm as a node and/or manager

join-token  Manage join tokens

leave       Leave the swarm

unlock      Unlock swarm

unlock-key  Manage the unlock key

update      Update the swarm

Run 'docker swarm COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

2.2 搭建普通 manager 角色  （swarm join as mananger）

​（1） 在leader manager上执行如下命令，获取以manager的身份加入到swarm集群中的方法​

$ docker swarm join-token manager

To add a manager to this swarm, run the following command:

docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-23znzigz1ycuuy1hmp77a4nxp2w8ffvri3zwelc8fx4aeo2xr6-262vije87ut842ejp8cmfdwqn 172.24.130.164:2377

​（2）登录到mananger-2上，执行上述输出结果中的命令，​

docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-23znzigz1ycuuy1hmp77a4nxp2w8ffvri3zwelc8fx4aeo2xr6-262vije87ut842ejp8cmfdwqn 172.24.130.164:2377

This node joined a swarm as a manager.

2.3 搭建worker 角色  （swarm join as worker）

​（1）在leader mananger节点上执行如下命令​

$ docker swarm join-token worker

To add a worker to this swarm, run the following command:

docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-23znzigz1ycuuy1hmp77a4nxp2w8ffvri3zwelc8fx4aeo2xr6-bpda5otyc47k1iz064353adwj 172.24.130.165:2377

​（2）在每个worker机器分别执行如下命令：​

[root@Test ~]# docker swarm join --token SWMTKN-1-23znzigz1ycuuy1hmp77a4nxp2w8ffvri3zwelc8fx4aeo2xr6-bpda5otyc47k1iz064353adwj 172.24.130.164:2377

This node joined a swarm as a worker.

​2.4 查看集群的节点情况​

​（1）docker node命令​

[root@Test ~]# docker nodeUsage: docker node COMMANDManage Swarm nodesCommands: demote Demote one or more nodes from manager in the swarm inspect Display detailed information on one or more nodes ls List nodes in the swarm promote Promote one or more nodes to manager in the swarm ps List tasks running on one or more nodes, defaults to current node rm Remove one or more nodes from the swarm update Update a node

从上述命令可以看出，可以通过rm命令把部分节点从swarm集群中删除。也可以通过ls命令展现当前集群中的所有节点。

​（2）查看集群中的所有节点​

[root@Test ~]# docker node lsID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSIONnotb2otq9cd6ie5tcs99ozoam Test Ready Active 20.10.12s59g2ygqm8lbrngpxhyt3zzg3 Test Ready Active 20.10.12stea3vvu3hj9x619yb64e5kjo Test Ready Active 20.10.12tkox6q8o48l7b2aofzygzvjow Test Ready Active Leader 20.10.12zclgojyadj75g4qtx5bmyj9kk * Test Ready Active Reachable 20.10.12

从上面的输出可以看出，5个节点都按照各自规划的身份，已经加入到网络，

现在就可以，集群中节点部署服务docker service了。

第四步：搭建集群服务(docker service）--在管理节点上执行命令

4.1 docer service命令

[root@Test ~]# docker serviceUsage: docker service COMMANDManage servicesCommands: create Create a new service inspect Display detailed information on one or more services logs Fetch the logs of a service or task ls List services ps List the tasks of one or more services rm Remove one or more services rollback Revert changes to a service's configuration scale Scale one or multiple replicated services update Update a service

4.2 新创建服务

在一个工作节点上创建一个名为 helloworld 的服务，这里是随机指派给一个工作节点：

# 展现当前已有的service$ docker service ls# 删除已有的service（现在测试已经部署的service）$ docker service rm# 部署自己的service $ [root@Test ~]# docker service create --replicas 2 --name my_nginx -p 80:80 nginx

[root@Test ~]# docker service create --replicas 2 --name my_nginx -p 80:80 nginx

d326pd2c5mmiosc9m5lwbdp2f

overall progress: 2 out of 2 tasks

1/2: running   [==================================================>]

2/2: running   [==================================================>]

verify: Service converged

4.3 查看服务

​（1）查看所有服务​

[root@Test ~]# docker service lsID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTSd326pd2c5mmi my_nginx replicated 2/2 nginx:latest *:80->80/tcp

这里有一个服务，my_nginx  ，有两个实例，服务的端口为80.

​（2）在master上查看指定service的详情​

[root@Test ~]# docker service ps my_nginxID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTSk9n4h3u0fprx my_nginx.1 nginx:latest Test Running Running 6 minutes ago7jainolzyb20 my_nginx.2 nginx:latest Test Running Running 6 minutes ago

（3）每台服务器查看在自身服务上的部署情形

选择其中服务器：

[root@Test ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES3b7a1a984b42 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 80/tcp my_nginx.7.lctwil7sohn4l0h62vbvgagju

4.4 验证服务

在5个服务器公网地址，分别执行。

也就是说，5个公网IP地址是为集群共享，所有部署的服务，也是为集群共享。

由docker swarm来实现上述功能。

4.5 服务实例的弹性增加

我们可以根据实际用户的访问流量，非常方便、简洁、快速地、弹性部署服务的实例。

[root@Test ~]# docker service scale my_nginx=8my_nginx scaled to 8overall progress: 8 out of 8 tasks1/8: running [==================================================>]2/8: running [==================================================>]3/8: running [==================================================>]4/8: running [==================================================>]5/8: running [==================================================>]6/8: running [==================================================>]7/8: running [==================================================>]8/8: running [==================================================>]verify: Service converged

[root@Test ~]# docker service lsID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTSd326pd2c5mmi my_nginx replicated 8/8 nginx:latest *:80->80/tcp

[root@Test ~]# docker service ps my_nginxID NAME IMAGE NODE DESIRED STATE CURRENT STATE ERROR PORTSk9n4h3u0fprx my_nginx.1 nginx:latest Test Running Running 25 minutes ago7jainolzyb20 my_nginx.2 nginx:latest Test Running Running 25 minutes ago5ib5pvokzul3 my_nginx.3 nginx:latest Test Running Running 53 seconds agoh0l58xuot3b1 my_nginx.4 nginx:latest Test Running Running 53 seconds agofj6nfnh4iwhc my_nginx.5 nginx:latest Test Running Running 52 seconds agom4qhmh2ng8ff my_nginx.6 nginx:latest Test Running Running 52 seconds agolctwil7sohn4 my_nginx.7 nginx:latest Test Running Running 53 seconds ago9mk5v48d6m9x my_nginx.8 nginx:latest Test Running Running 53 seconds ago

登录到每个服务器上，查看这8个服务中，部署在自身服务器上有 几个：

[root@Test ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES3b7a1a984b42 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 80/tcp my_nginx.7.lctwil7sohn4l0h62vbvgagju174f62943bf2 nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes 80/tcp my_nginx.2.7jainolzyb2012xuzswo1nfpr[root@Test ~]#

4.6 服务实例的弹性删除

[root@Test ~]# docker service scale my_nginx=4my_nginx scaled to 4overall progress: 4 out of 4 tasks1/4: running [==================================================>]2/4: running [==================================================>]3/4: running [==================================================>]4/4: running [==================================================>]verify: Service converged[root@Test ~]# docker service lsID NAME MODE REPLICAS IMAGE PORTSd326pd2c5mmi my_nginx replicated 4/4 nginx:latest *:80->80/tcp[root@Test ~]#

4.7 在线滚动升级服务镜像的版本： service update

$ docker service update --image XXX

4.8 停止某个节点接受服务请求

[root@Test ~]# docker node lsID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSIONnotb2otq9cd6ie5tcs99ozoam Test Ready Active 20.10.12s59g2ygqm8lbrngpxhyt3zzg3 Test Ready Active 20.10.12stea3vvu3hj9x619yb64e5kjo Test Ready Active 20.10.12tkox6q8o48l7b2aofzygzvjow * Test Ready Active Leader 20.10.12zclgojyadj75g4qtx5bmyj9kk Test Ready Active Reachable 20.10.12

[root@Test ~]# docker node update --availability drain notb2otq9cd6ie5tcs99ozoamnotb2otq9cd6ie5tcs99ozoam[root@Test ~]# docker node lsID HOSTNAME STATUS AVAILABILITY MANAGER STATUS ENGINE VERSIONnotb2otq9cd6ie5tcs99ozoam Test Ready Drain 20.10.12s59g2ygqm8lbrngpxhyt3zzg3 Test Ready Active 20.10.12stea3vvu3hj9x619yb64e5kjo Test Ready Active 20.10.12tkox6q8o48l7b2aofzygzvjow * Test Ready Active Leader 20.10.12zclgojyadj75g4qtx5bmyj9kk Test Ready Active Reachable 20.10.12[root@Test ~]#

通过一条简单的命令，就可以让某个节点停止提供服务。

备注：

停止服务，并不是，其服务器的IP地址不可访问，而是在SWARM在该节点不参与负载均衡调度。

对该服务器的所有访问，都会均衡到其他服务器上。

作者主页(​​文火冰糖的硅基工坊​​​)：​​文火冰糖（王文兵）的博客_文火冰糖的硅基工坊​

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