Docker专题(七)-DockerFile详解

文章目录

​​1.DockerFile是什么​​​​2.文件什么样​​

​​2.1.以我们熟悉的CentOS为例​​​​2.2.一个Dockerfile的示例如下所示​​​​2.3.DockerFile构建过程解析​​

​​3.Dockerfile常用指令​​

​​3.1.FROM​​​​3.2.MAINTAINER​​​​3.3.RUN​​​​3.4.CMD​​​​3.5.EXPOSE​​​​3.6.ENV​​​​3.7.ADD​​​​3.8.COPY​​​​3.9.ENTRYPOINT​​​​3.10. VOLUME​​​​3.11 USER​​​​3.12 WORKDIR​​​​3.13.小总结​​

​​4.DockerFile案例​​

​​4.1.Base镜像(scratch)​​​​4.2.自定义镜像mycentos​​​​4.3.CMD/ENTRYPOINT 镜像案例​​​​4.4.自定义镜像Tomcat9​​

​​5.小结​​

1.DockerFile是什么

当我们从docker镜像仓库中下载的镜像不能满足我们的需求时，我们可以通过以下两种方式对镜像进行更改。 1.从已经创建的容器中更新镜像，并且提交这个镜像 2.使用 Dockerfile 指令来创建一个新的镜像 Dockerfile是用来构建Docker镜像的构建文件，是由一系列命令和参数构成的脚本。

编写Dockerfile文件docker builddocker run

2.文件什么样

2.1.以我们熟悉的CentOS为例

2.2.一个Dockerfile的示例如下所示

#基于centos镜像FROM centos#维护人的信息MAINTAINER The CentOS Project <303323496@qq.com>#安装yum -y updateRUN yum -y install 80#复制网站首页文件至镜像中web站点下ADD index.html /var/run.sh /run.shRUN chmod 775 /run.sh#当启动容器时执行的脚本文件CMD ["/run.sh"]

由上可知，Dockerfile结构大致分为四个部分：　　（1）基础镜像信息　　（2）维护者信息　　（3）镜像操作指令　　（4）容器启动时执行指令。Dockerfile每行支持一条指令，每条指令可带多个参数，支持使用以#号开头的注释。下面会对上面使用到的一些常用指令做一些介绍。

2.3.DockerFile构建过程解析

Dockerfile内容基础知识 1：每条保留字指令都必须为大写字母且后面要跟随至少一个参数 2：指令按照从上到下，顺序执行 3：#表示注释 4：每条指令都会创建一个新的镜像层，并对镜像进行提交Dockerfile内容基础知识 1：docker从基础镜像运行一个容器 2：执行一条指令并对容器作出修改 3：执行类似docker commit的操作提交一个新的镜像层 4：docker再基于刚提交的镜像运行一个新容器 5：执行dockerfile中的下一条指令直到所有指令都执行完成小结 从应用软件的角度来看，Dockerfile、Docker镜像与Docker容器分别代表软件的三个不同阶段： 1：Dockerfile是软件的原材料 2：Docker镜像是软件的交付品 3：Docker容器则可以认为是软件的运行态。

3.Dockerfile常用指令

3.1.FROM

指明构建的新镜像是来自于哪个基础镜像，例如：

FROM centos:6

基础镜像不存在会在Docker Hub上拉去(一般会是文件的第一个指令) 使用格式： FROM <镜像>:[tag]

3.2.MAINTAINER

指明镜像维护着及其联系方式（一般是邮箱地址），例如

MAINTAINER BRUCELIU

不过，MAINTAINER并不推荐使用，更推荐使用LABEL来指定镜像作者，例如：

LABEL maintainer="bruceliu.cn"

[逐渐废弃] LABLE --替代MAINTANIER 具体使用： LABLE maintainer="作者信息

3.3.RUN

RUN 指令是用来执行命令行命令的。由于命令行的强大能力，RUN 指令在定制镜像时是最常用的指令之一。其格式有两种： • shell 格式：RUN <命令>，就像直接在命令行中输入的命令一样。刚才写的 Dockerfile 中的 RUN 指令就是这种格式. • exec 格式：RUN [“可执行文件”, “参数1”, “参数2”]，这更像是函数调用中的格式。 使用格式：

RUN RUN ["","",""]

构建镜像时运行的Shell命令，例如：

RUN ["yum", "install", "yum install 就像 Shell 脚本一样可以执行命令，那么我们是否就可以像 Shell 脚本一样把每个命令对应一个 RUN 呢？比如 这样：

RUN apt-get updateRUN apt-get install -y gcc libc6-dev makeRUN wget tar xzf redis-4.0.1.tar.gzRUN cd redis-4.0.1

Dockerfile 中每一个指令都会建立一层，RUN 也不例外。每一个 RUN 的行为，和刚才我们手工建立镜像的过程一样：新建立一层，在其上执行这些命令，执行结束后，commit 这一层的修改，构成新的镜像。 而上面的这种写法，创建了 多 层镜像。这是完全没有意义的，而且很多运行时不需要的东西，都被装进了镜像里，比如编译环境、更新的软件包等等。结果就是产生非常臃肿、非常多层的镜像，不仅仅增加了构建部署的时间，也很容易出错。 这是很多初学 Docker 的人常犯的一个错误。

Union FS 是有最大层数限制的，比如 AUFS，曾经是最大不得超过 42 层，现在是不得超过 127 层。上面的Dockerfile 正确的写法应该是这样

FROM centosRUN apt-get update \&& apt-get install -y gcc libc6-dev make \&& wget \&& tar xzf redis-4.0.1.tar.gz \&& cd redis-4.0.1

首先，之前所有的命令只有一个目的，就是编译、安装 redis 可执行文件。因此没有必要建立很多层，这只是一层的事情。因此，这里没有使用很多个 RUN 对一一对应不同的命令，而是仅仅使用一个 RUN 指令，并使用 && 将各个所需命令串联起来。将之前的 7 层，简化为了 1 层。

在撰写 Dockerfile 的时候，要经常提醒自己，这并不是在写Shell 脚本，而是在定义每一层该如何构建且，这里为了格式化还进行了换行。Dockerfile 支持 Shell 类的行尾添加 \ 的命令换行方式，以及行首 # 进行注释的格式。良好的格式，比如换行、缩进、注释等，会让维护、排障更为容易，这是一个比较好的习惯。

3.4.CMD

启动容器时执行的Shell命令，例如：

CMD ["-C", "/start.sh"] CMD ["/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D"] CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D

3.5.EXPOSE

EXPOSE 80 443

3.6.ENV

ENV指令可以用于为docker容器设置环境变量 ENV设置的环境变量，可以使用 docker inspect命令来查看。同时还可以使用docker run --env =来修改环境变量。

具体用法：ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdkENV JRE_HOME $JAVA_HOME/jreENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/:$JRE_HOME/lib/ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin/

3.7.ADD

类似COPY命令，拷贝文件或目录到镜像中，例如：

ADD ...ADD html.tar.gz /var//var/./start.sh /start.sh

3.9.ENTRYPOINT

启动容器时执行的Shell命令，同CMD类似，只是由ENTRYPOINT启动的程序不会被docker run命令行指定的参数所覆盖，而且，这些命令行参数会被当作参数传递给ENTRYPOINT指定指定的程序，例如：

ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "-C", "/start.sh"]ENTRYPOINT /bin/bash -C '/start.sh'

PS：Dockerfile文件中也可以存在多个ENTRYPOINT指令，但仅有最后一个会生效。

3.10. VOLUME

创建一个可以从本地主机或其他容器挂载的挂载点，一般用来存放数据库和需要保持的数据等。例如：

VOLUME ["/var/lib/mysql"]

只能定义docker管理的卷： VOLUME /data/mysql运行的时候会随机在宿主机的目录下生成一个卷目录！ 一般不会在Dockerfile中用到，更常见的还是在docker run的时候指定-v数据卷。

3.11 USER

为RUN、CMD和ENTRYPOINT执行Shell命令指定运行用户，例如：

USER [:]USER [:]USER bruceliu

3.12 WORKDIR

Docker 默认的工作目录是/，只有 RUN 能执行 cd 命令切换目录，而且还只作用在当下下的 RUN，也就是说每一个 RUN 都是独立进行的。

如果想让其他指令在指定的目录下执行，就得靠 WORKDIR。WORKDIR 动作的目录改变是持久的，不用每个指令前都使用一次 WORKDIR。

WORKDIR /usr/local/tomcat/

3.13.小总结

4.DockerFile案例

4.1.Base镜像(scratch)

4.2.自定义镜像mycentos

准备编写DockerFile文件

[root@localhost myfile]# pwd/root/myfile[root@localhost myfile]# vi mycentos_dockerfile

myCentOS内容DockerFile

FROM centosMAINTAINER bruceliuENV MYPATH /usr/localWORKDIR $MYPATHRUN yum -y install vimRUN yum -y install net-toolsEXPOSE 80CMD echo $MYPATHCMD echo "success--------------ok"CMD /bin/bash

构建命令：

docker build -t 新镜像名字:TAG . 会看到 docker build 命令最后有一个 . . 表示当前目录

[root@localhost myfile]# docker build -f /root/myfile/mycentos_dockerfile -t mycentos:1.3 .Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kBStep 1/10 : FROM centos ---> 9f38484d220fStep 2/10 : MAINTAINER bruceliu ---> Using cache ---> 281446cb753dStep 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local ---> Using cache ---> 2e09cdb61576Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH ---> Using cache ---> 4aa136d65f26Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim ---> Using cache ---> 585392f09407Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools ---> Using cache ---> 9c7971b08e59Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80 ---> Using cache ---> 6741c0b61390Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH ---> Using cache ---> fb1b4b72ba02Step 9/10 : CMD echo "success--------------ok" ---> Using cache ---> 3d636347cc9aStep 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash ---> Using cache ---> 720d4eb5c5f0Successfully built 720d4eb5c5f0

运行docker run -it 新镜像名字:TAG可以看到，我们自己的新镜像已经支持vim/ifconfig命令，扩展成功了。

[root@localhost ~]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEdocker.io/mongo latest 9c02a5a12c52 Less than a second ago 413 MBmycentos 1.3 720d4eb5c5f0 50 minutes ago 480 MBbruceliu/centos9527 latest 071e944a589b 8 hours ago 202 MBbruceliu/tomcat 7-jre7 a66f9aba334d 13 hours ago 359 MBdocker.io/tomcat 7-jre7 47c156f4d4e3 5 weeks ago 359 MBdocker.io/mysql latest 7bb2586065cd 2 months ago 477 MBdocker.io/centos 7 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MBdocker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it mycentos:1.3[root@50784a17d114 local]# pwd/usr/local[root@50784a17d114 local]# vi 1.txt[root@50784a17d114 local]# ifconfigeth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500 inet 172.17.0.3 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0 inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 8 bytes 656 (656.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 8 bytes 656 (656.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0lo: flags=73 mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

列出镜像的变更历史命令:

docker history 镜像名

[root@localhost ~]# docker history 720d4eb5c5f0IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT720d4eb5c5f0 53 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/b... 0 B 3d636347cc9a 53 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "ec... 0 B fb1b4b72ba02 53 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "ec... 0 B 6741c0b61390 53 minutes ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80/tcp 0 B 9c7971b08e59 53 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools 112 MB 585392f09407 54 minutes ago /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim 167 MB 4aa136d65f26 About an hour ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local 0 B 2e09cdb61576 About an hour ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV MYPATH=/usr/local 0 B 281446cb753d About an hour ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER bruceliu 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.... 0 B 3 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:074f2c974463ab3... 202 MB

4.3.CMD/ENTRYPOINT 镜像案例

都是指定一个容器启动时要运行的命令

CMDDockerfile中可以有多个 CMD 指令，但只有最后一个生效，CMD 会被 docker run 之后的参数替换

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it -p 8888:8080 docker.io/tomcat ls -ltotal 124-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 19534 Jul 4 2019 BUILDING.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5407 Jul 4 2019 CONTRIBUTING.md-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 57011 Jul 4 2019 LICENSE-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1726 Jul 4 2019 NOTICE-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3255 Jul 4 2019 README.md-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7139 Jul 4 2019 RELEASE-NOTES-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16262 Jul 4 2019 RUNNING.txtdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 18 2019 bindrwxr-sr-x. 2 root root 238 Jul 4 2019 confdrwxr-sr-x. 2 root staff 78 Jul 18 2019 includedrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 18 2019 libdrwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Jul 4 2019 logsdrwxr-sr-x. 3 root staff 151 Jul 18 2019 native-jni-libdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 30 Jul 18 2019 tempdrwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 81 Jul 4 2019 webappsdrwxrwxrwx. 2 root root 6 Jul 4 2019 work

curl命令可以用来执行下载、发送各种HTTP请求，指定HTTP头部等操作。 如果系统没有curl可以使用yum install curl安装，也可以下载安装。 curl是将下载文件输出到stdout 使用命令：curl 执行后，baidu.com的html就会显示在屏幕上了 这是最简单的使用方法。用这个命令获得了-i

制作CMD版可以查询网页信息的容器

[root@localhost myfile]# vi myip_dockerfileFROM centosRUN yum install -y curlCMD [ "curl", "-s", "][root@localhost myfile]# docker build -f myip_dockerfile -t myip_centos .Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kBStep 1/3 : FROM centos ---> 9f38484d220fStep 2/3 : RUN yum install -y curl ---> Running in 617a61151503Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovlDetermining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7 will be updated---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7_6.3 will be an update--> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-51.el7_6.3 for package: curl-7.29.0-51.el7_6.3.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7 will be updated---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7_6.3 will be an update--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Updating: curl x86_64 7.29.0-51.el7_6.3 updates 269 kUpdating for dependencies: libcurl x86_64 7.29.0-51.el7_6.3 updates 222 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Upgrade 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)Total download size: 492 kDownloading packages:Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed.warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages/curl-7.29.0-51.el7_6.3.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEYPublic key for curl-7.29.0-51.el7_6.3.x86_64.rpm is not installed--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 777 kB/s | 492 kB 00:00 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) " Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package : centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Updating : libcurl-7.29.0-51.el7_6.3.x86_64 1/4 Updating : curl-7.29.0-51.el7_6.3.x86_64 2/4 Cleanup : curl-7.29.0-51.el7.x86_64 3/4 Cleanup : libcurl-7.29.0-51.el7.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : curl-7.29.0-51.el7_6.3.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-51.el7_6.3.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-51.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : curl-7.29.0-51.el7.x86_64 4/4 Updated: curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7_6.3 Dependency Updated: libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-51.el7_6.3 Complete! ---> c0ab6e8f3af7Removing intermediate container 617a61151503Step 3/3 : CMD curl -s ---> Running in 9933fbe7593b ---> 41868e4e4feeRemoving intermediate container 9933fbe7593bSuccessfully built 41868e4e4fee

查看生成的镜像

[root@localhost myfile]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEdocker.io/mongo latest 9c02a5a12c52 Less than a second ago 413 MBdocker.io/tomcat latest 238e6d7313e3 Less than a second ago 506 MBmyip_centos latest 41868e4e4fee 13 minutes ago 314 MBmycentos 1.3 720d4eb5c5f0 About an hour ago 480 MBbruceliu/centos9527 latest 071e944a589b 9 hours ago 202 MBbruceliu/tomcat 7-jre7 a66f9aba334d 13 hours ago 359 MBdocker.io/tomcat 7-jre7 47c156f4d4e3 5 weeks ago 359 MBdocker.io/mysql latest 7bb2586065cd 2 months ago 477 MBdocker.io/centos 7 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MBdocker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB[root@localhost myfile]# docker run 41868e4e4fee

问题 如果我们希望显示 HTTP 头信息，就需要加上 -i 参数

[root@localhost myfile]# docker run 41868e4e4fee -icontainer_linux.go:235: starting container process caused "exec: \"-i\": executable file not found in $PATH"/usr/bin/docker-current: Error response from daemon: oci runtime error: container_linux.go:235: starting container process caused "exec: \"-i\": executable file not found in $PATH".

WHY

我们可以看到可执行文件找不到的报错，executable file not found。之前我们说过，跟在镜像名后面的是 command，运行时会替换 CMD 的默认值。因此这里的 -i 替换了原来的 CMD，而不是添加在原来的 curl -s 后面。而 -i 根本不是命令，所以自然找不到。 那么如果我们希望加入 -i 这参数，我们就必须重新完整的输入这个命令： $ docker run myip curl -s -i

制作ENTROYPOINT版查询IP信息的容器

[root@localhost myfile]# docker build -f myip1_dockerfile -t myip1_centos .Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096 kBStep 1/3 : FROM centos ---> 9f38484d220fStep 2/3 : RUN yum install -y curl ---> Using cache ---> c0ab6e8f3af7Step 3/3 : ENTRYPOINT curl -s ---> Running in b31022ed350c ---> 274c58d0c1e4Removing intermediate container b31022ed350cSuccessfully built 274c58d0c1e4[root@localhost myfile]# docker run 274c58d0c1e4 [root@localhost myfile]# docker run 274c58d0c1e4 -iHTTP/1.1 200 OKAccept-Ranges: bytesCache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transformConnection: keep-aliveContent-Length: 2381Content-Type: text/htmlDate: Sun, 29 Dec 2019 03:49:34 GMTEtag: "588604c8-94d"Last-Modified: Mon, 23 Jan 2017 13:27:36 GMTPragma: no-cacheServer: bfe/1.0.8.18Set-Cookie: BDORZ=27315; max-age=86400; domain=.baidu.com; path=/

4.4.自定义镜像Tomcat9

① mkdir -p /bruce/mydockerfile/tomcat9

[root@localhost tomcat9]# pwd/bruce/mydockerfile/tomcat9

② 在上述目录下touch c.txt

[root@localhost tomcat9]# touch c.txt[root@localhost tomcat9]# ll总用量 0-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 18 14:41 c.txt

③ 将jdk和tomcat安装的压缩包拷贝进上一步目录

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8900822 12月 18 2016 apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 18 14:41 c.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 6月 18 14:45 Dockerfile-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 138094686 12月 13 2016 jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz

④ 在/bruceliu/mydockerfile/tomcat9目录下新建Dockerfile文件

FROM centosMAINTAINER bruce#把宿主机当前上下文的c.txt拷贝到容器/usr/local/路径下COPY c.txt /usr/local/cincontainer.txt#把java与tomcat添加到容器中ADD jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/ADD apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz /usr/local/#安装vim编辑器RUN yum -y install vim#设置工作访问时候的WORKDIR路径，登录落脚点ENV MYPATH /usr/localWORKDIR $MYPATH#配置java与tomcat环境变量ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_45ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jarENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin#容器运行时监听的端口EXPOSE 8080#启动时运行tomcat# ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/bin/startup.sh" ]# CMD ["/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/bin/catalina.sh","run"]CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/logs/catalina.out

⑤ 构建

[root@localhost tomcat9]# docker build -t brucrliu_tomcat .Sending build context to Docker daemon 435.5 MBStep 1/15 : FROM centos ---> 9f38484d220fStep 2/15 : MAINTAINER bruce ---> Running in 87cf2c0bccc2 ---> adc219f3a447Removing intermediate container 87cf2c0bccc2Step 3/15 : COPY c.txt /usr/local/cincontainer.txt ---> 6e86a4c4315bRemoving intermediate container ef939f65bb42Step 4/15 : ADD jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/ ---> 9127c8831d40Removing intermediate container 4b2acf47238bStep 5/15 : ADD apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz /usr/local/ ---> 17701beb1f0fRemoving intermediate container ca617b790d8cStep 6/15 : RUN yum -y install vim ---> Running in e7742a8b237eLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovlDetermining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.comResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check---> Package vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: vim-common = 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: which for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(:MODULE_COMPAT_5.16.3) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libperl.so()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: libgpm.so.2()(64bit) for package: 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64--> Running transaction check---> Package gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-5.el7 will be installed---> Package perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) >= 1.3 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) >= 1.10 for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl-macros for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads::shared) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(threads) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(constant) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::Local) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Time::HiRes) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Storable) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Socket) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Scalar::Util) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::XHTML) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Simple::Search) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Getopt::Long) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Filter::Util::Call) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Temp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Unix) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec::Functions) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Spec) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(File::Path) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Exporter) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Cwd) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64--> Processing Dependency: perl(Carp) for package: 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64---> Package perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed---> Package vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: vim-filesystem for package: 2:vim-common-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64---> Package which.x86_64 0:2.20-7.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Usage) >= 1.14 for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Text::ParseWords) for package: perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch---> Package perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Escapes) >= 1.04 for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(Encode) for package: 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch---> Package perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 will be installed---> Package perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 will be installed---> Package vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 will be installed---> Package perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(Pod::Text) >= 3.15 for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl-Pod-Perldoc for package: perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch---> Package perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 will be installed--> Processing Dependency: perl(parent) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: perl(HTTP::Tiny) for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch--> Processing Dependency: groff-base for package: perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch---> Package perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 will be installed--> Running transaction check---> Package groff-base.x86_64 0:1.22.2-8.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 will be installed---> Package perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 will be installed--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 updates 1.0 MInstalling for dependencies: gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-5.el7 base 32 k groff-base x86_64 1.22.2-8.el7 base 942 k perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 updates 8.0 M perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 base 19 k perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 base 1.5 M perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 base 28 k perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 base 26 k perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 base 56 k perl-Filter x86_64 1.49-3.el7 base 76 k perl-Getopt-Long noarch 2.40-3.el7 base 56 k perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.033-3.el7 base 38 k perl-PathTools x86_64 3.40-5.el7 base 82 k perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 updates 51 k perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.20-4.el7 base 87 k perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 base 216 k perl-Pod-Usage noarch 1.63-3.el7 base 27 k perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7 base 36 k perl-Socket x86_64 2.010-4.el7 base 49 k perl-Storable x86_64 2.45-3.el7 base 77 k perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.29-4.el7 base 14 k perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 base 45 k perl-Time-Local noarch 1.2300-2.el7 base 24 k perl-constant noarch 1.27-2.el7 base 19 k perl-libs x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 updates 688 k perl-macros x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 updates 44 k perl-parent noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 base 12 k perl-podlators noarch 2.5.1-3.el7 base 112 k perl-threads x86_64 1.87-4.el7 base 49 k perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.43-6.el7 base 39 k vim-common x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 updates 5.9 M vim-filesystem x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 updates 10 k which x86_64 2.20-7.el7 base 41 kTransaction Summary================================================================================Install 1 Package (+32 Dependent packages)Total download size: 19 MInstalled size: 63 MDownloading packages:Public key for perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch.rpm is not installedwarning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEYPublic key for perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch.rpm is not installed--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 2.2 MB/s | 19 MB 00:08 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) " Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package : centos-release-7-6.1810.2.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64 1/33 Installing : groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64 2/33 Installing : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 3/33 Installing : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch 4/33 Installing : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch 5/33 Installing : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch 6/33 Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch 7/33 Installing : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64 8/33 Installing : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch 9/33 Installing : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch 10/33 Installing : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 11/33 Installing : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 12/33 Installing : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64 13/33 Installing : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch 14/33 Installing : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch 15/33 Installing : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch 16/33 Installing : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64 17/33 Installing : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch 18/33 Installing : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64 19/33 Installing : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64 20/33 Installing : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64 21/33 Installing : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch 22/33 Installing : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch 23/33 Installing : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch 24/33 Installing : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64 25/33 Installing : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64 26/33 Installing : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64 27/33 Installing : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch 28/33 Installing : 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 29/33 Installing : which-2.20-7.el7.x86_64 30/33 install-info: No such file or directory for /usr/share/info/which.info.gz Installing : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 31/33 Installing : 2:vim-common-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 32/33 Installing : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 33/33 Verifying : perl-HTTP-Tiny-0.033-3.el7.noarch 1/33 Verifying : perl-threads-shared-1.43-6.el7.x86_64 2/33 Verifying : perl-Storable-2.45-3.el7.x86_64 3/33 Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Escapes-1.04-294.el7_6.noarch 4/33 Verifying : perl-Exporter-5.68-3.el7.noarch 5/33 Verifying : perl-constant-1.27-2.el7.noarch 6/33 Verifying : perl-PathTools-3.40-5.el7.x86_64 7/33 Verifying : 2:vim-filesystem-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 8/33 Verifying : 1:perl-parent-0.225-244.el7.noarch 9/33 Verifying : which-2.20-7.el7.x86_64 10/33 Verifying : 4:perl-libs-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 11/33 Verifying : groff-base-1.22.2-8.el7.x86_64 12/33 Verifying : perl-File-Temp-0.23.01-3.el7.noarch 13/33 Verifying : 1:perl-Pod-Simple-3.28-4.el7.noarch 14/33 Verifying : perl-Time-Local-1.2300-2.el7.noarch 15/33 Verifying : gpm-libs-1.20.7-5.el7.x86_64 16/33 Verifying : 4:perl-macros-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 17/33 Verifying : perl-Socket-2.010-4.el7.x86_64 18/33 Verifying : perl-Carp-1.26-244.el7.noarch 19/33 Verifying : 4:perl-Time-HiRes-1.9725-3.el7.x86_64 20/33 Verifying : perl-Scalar-List-Utils-1.27-248.el7.x86_64 21/33 Verifying : 2:vim-common-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 22/33 Verifying : perl-Pod-Usage-1.63-3.el7.noarch 23/33 Verifying : perl-Encode-2.51-7.el7.x86_64 24/33 Verifying : 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-6.el7_6.x86_64 25/33 Verifying : perl-Pod-Perldoc-3.20-4.el7.noarch 26/33 Verifying : perl-podlators-2.5.1-3.el7.noarch 27/33 Verifying : perl-File-Path-2.09-2.el7.noarch 28/33 Verifying : perl-threads-1.87-4.el7.x86_64 29/33 Verifying : perl-Filter-1.49-3.el7.x86_64 30/33 Verifying : perl-Getopt-Long-2.40-3.el7.noarch 31/33 Verifying : perl-Text-ParseWords-3.29-4.el7.noarch 32/33 Verifying : 4:perl-5.16.3-294.el7_6.x86_64 33/33 Installed: vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 Dependency Installed: gpm-libs.x86_64 0:1.20.7-5.el7 groff-base.x86_64 0:1.22.2-8.el7 perl.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 perl-Carp.noarch 0:1.26-244.el7 perl-Encode.x86_64 0:2.51-7.el7 perl-Exporter.noarch 0:5.68-3.el7 perl-File-Path.noarch 0:2.09-2.el7 perl-File-Temp.noarch 0:0.23.01-3.el7 perl-Filter.x86_64 0:1.49-3.el7 perl-Getopt-Long.noarch 0:2.40-3.el7 perl-HTTP-Tiny.noarch 0:0.033-3.el7 perl-PathTools.x86_64 0:3.40-5.el7 perl-Pod-Escapes.noarch 1:1.04-294.el7_6 perl-Pod-Perldoc.noarch 0:3.20-4.el7 perl-Pod-Simple.noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 perl-Pod-Usage.noarch 0:1.63-3.el7 perl-Scalar-List-Utils.x86_64 0:1.27-248.el7 perl-Socket.x86_64 0:2.010-4.el7 perl-Storable.x86_64 0:2.45-3.el7 perl-Text-ParseWords.noarch 0:3.29-4.el7 perl-Time-HiRes.x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 perl-Time-Local.noarch 0:1.2300-2.el7 perl-constant.noarch 0:1.27-2.el7 perl-libs.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 perl-macros.x86_64 4:5.16.3-294.el7_6 perl-parent.noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 perl-podlators.noarch 0:2.5.1-3.el7 perl-threads.x86_64 0:1.87-4.el7 perl-threads-shared.x86_64 0:1.43-6.el7 vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-6.el7_6 which.x86_64 0:2.20-7.el7 Complete! ---> 68842422f5bbRemoving intermediate container e7742a8b237eStep 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local ---> Running in 378f507c7454 ---> 68772160bbbaRemoving intermediate container 378f507c7454Step 8/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH ---> 8f720fb47d8dRemoving intermediate container 1fef2cdcd39fStep 9/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.7.0_45 ---> Running in 031f617faaf8 ---> 8858a95269f7Removing intermediate container 031f617faaf8Step 10/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar ---> Running in 81fea7bdedde ---> 677ff52ce8bfRemoving intermediate container 81fea7bdeddeStep 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68 ---> Running in d8868d0fbf8a ---> 1337cdd4ae56Removing intermediate container d8868d0fbf8aStep 12/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68 ---> Running in 3b1b0926e692 ---> d63c27b9e986Removing intermediate container 3b1b0926e692Step 13/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin ---> Running in c1540c867550 ---> 363e3b5be57dRemoving intermediate container c1540c867550Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080 ---> Running in 0557437d1396 ---> bddf5d2259c1Removing intermediate container 0557437d1396Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/bin/logs/catalina.out ---> Running in 54733e8ad7a8 ---> caefcd845de4Removing intermediate container 54733e8ad7a8Successfully built caefcd845de4

⑥ 构建完成

[root@localhost tomcat9]# docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZEdocker.io/mongo latest 9c02a5a12c52 Less than a second ago 413 MBdocker.io/tomcat latest 238e6d7313e3 Less than a second ago 506 MBbrucrliu_tomcat latest caefcd845de4 2 minutes ago 669 MBmyip1_centos latest 274c58d0c1e4 19 minutes ago 314 MBmyip_centos latest 41868e4e4fee 36 minutes ago 314 MBmycentos 1.3 720d4eb5c5f0 About an hour ago 480 MBbruceliu/centos9527 latest 071e944a589b 9 hours ago 202 MBbruceliu/tomcat 7-jre7 a66f9aba334d 14 hours ago 359 MBdocker.io/tomcat 7-jre7 47c156f4d4e3 5 weeks ago 359 MBdocker.io/mysql latest 7bb2586065cd 2 months ago 477 MBdocker.io/centos 7 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MBdocker.io/centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202 MB

⑦ run

[root@localhost tomcat9]# docker run -d -p 9080:8080 --name mycat7 -v /brucrliu/mydockerfile/tomcat7/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/webapps/test -v /bruceliu/mydockerfile/tomcat7/tomcat9logs/:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.68/logs --privileged=true brucrliu_tomcat8da490d0e6c81b0e78c530bd90717e2e7f187266329c9e720819b57e7b2c2466

备注： Docker挂载主机目录Docker访问出现cannot open directory .: Permission denied 解决办法：在挂载目录后多加一个–privileged=true参数即可 ⑧ 验证

[root@localhost tomcat9]# docker ps -lCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES8da490d0e6c8 brucrliu_tomcat "/bin/sh -c '/usr/..." About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:9080->8080/tcp mycat7

[root@localhost test]# pwd/brucrliu/mydockerfile/tomcat7/test[root@localhost test]# ll总用量 4-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 23 6月 18 15:04 1.html[root@localhost test]# vi 1.html

Hello,Test!!!

5.小结

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